• Global effect of urban sprawl, industrialization, trade and economic development on carbon dioxide emissions 

      Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu; Owusu, Phebe Asantewaa; Leirvik, Thomas (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-05)
      Significant progress has been made towards mitigating climate change and its impacts across countries. However, the transboundary effect of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions means that excluding the actions and inactions of certain countries and territories that escalate emissions is alarming. On this note, we examined the heterogeneous contribution of immediate and underlying drivers of emissions across 206 ...
    • The MAX Effect in an Oil Exporting Country: The Case of Norway 

      Kashif, Muhammad; Leirvik, Thomas (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-29)
      This paper assesses the effects of investors’ lottery-seeking behavior on expected returns in the Norwegian equity market, a relatively small equity market dominated by the energy industry. We use the MAX factor defined as maximum daily return over the previous month as the proxy of investors’ preference for lottery-like stocks. Despite evidence from recent literature that MAX has a negative ...
    • Mitigating degradation and emissions in China: The role of environmental sustainability, human capital and renewable energy 

      Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu; Adams, Samuel; Owusu, Phebe Asantewaa; Leirvik, Thomas; Ozturk, Ilhan (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-02-24)
      China's carbon-embedded growth trajectory is gradually becoming a burden to environmental sustainability, hence, requires much attention. The complexity of human capital attributed emissions coupled with fossil fuel inclined energy utilization for industrialization underscores the failure of China to meet its mitigation target. We developed a policy-driven conceptual tool based on disaggregate energy ...
    • Mutual coupling between stock market and cryptocurrencies 

      Ahmed, Maruf Yakubu; Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu; Leirvik, Thomas (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-10)
      We examine the relationship between the top five cryptos and the U.S. S&P500 index from January 2018 to December 2021. We use the novel General-to-specific Vector Autoregression (GETS VAR) and traditional Vector Autoregression (VAR) model to analyze the short- and longrun, cumulative impulse-response, and Granger causality test between S&P500 returns and the returns of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, ...
    • Time-varying market efficiency of safe-haven assets 

      Okoroafor, Ugochi Chibuzor; Leirvik, Thomas (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-29)
      This study investigates the hedge and safe-haven possibilities with bitcoin, gold and crude oil in different equity markets in the presence of time-varying market inefficiency. Our results indicate that periods of market inefficiency for the Bitcoin, gold and crude oil price positively influence their function as a hedge asset for the equity markets of Japan, China, the US, Europe and emerging ...
    • Trade volume affects bitcoin energy consumption and carbon footprint 

      Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu; Yakubu, Maruf Ahmed; Leirvik, Thomas (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-16)
      The environmental sustainability of bitcoin is making waves in the empirical literature, yet, no study has thus far examined the financial determinants of bitcoin energy consumption and carbon footprint. Here, we use novel estimation methods comprising dynamic ARDL simulations and general-to-specific VAR to examine steady-state effects, cumulative impulse-response, and counterfactual shocks of bitcoin ...